What happened on July 21?

36 sourced historical events are currently published for July 21. Browse the chronology below or filter this date by place and event type. This collection is expanding, not an exhaustive account of the day.

Explore this date

The published July 21 chronology runs from 1403 to 2025, a span of 622 years. It contains 36 sourced records across 22 countries and 5 event categories. These figures describe the current collection, not all events that occurred on this date.

Start at the earliest published record or jump to the latest. The counts below show where this collection is concentrated.

Most represented topics

  • War & conflict · 15 records
  • Politics & society · 11 records
  • Disasters · 4 records
  • Sport · 4 records

Most represented countries

  • United States · 7 records
  • Japan · 5 records
  • Spain · 3 records
  • Sri Lanka · 2 records
  • United Kingdom · 2 records

Compare events across time

These pairs share a category and calendar date; the pairing does not imply a historical connection.

Some events have more than one location, so country counts can overlap. Read about coverage and source limits.

July 21 historical events

1403 — Battle of Shrewsbury

The Battle of Shrewsbury was a battle fought on 21 July 1403, waged between an army led by the Lancastrian King, Henry IV, and a rebel army led by Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy from Northumberland. The battle, the first in which English archers fought each other on English soil, demonstrated "the deadliness of the longbow" and ended the Percy challenge to King Henry IV of England. Part of the fighting is believed to have taken place at what is now Battlefield, Shropshire, England, three miles north of the centre of Shrewsbury. It is marked today by Battlefield Church and Battlefield Heritage Park.

England, United Kingdom · Shrewsbury, United Kingdom · Shropshire, United Kingdom · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1545 — French invasion of the Isle of Wight

The French invasion of the Isle of Wight occurred during the Italian Wars in July 1545. The invasion was repulsed. France had a long history of attacking the Isle of Wight, and the 1545 campaign proved to be the last time to date that the French have attempted to take it. Although the French forces, led by Claude d'Annebault, greatly outnumbered those of the English, the battles fought (including the battles of the Solent and Bonchurch) ended without a clear winner. However, as the French were repelled, it could be considered an English victory.

Isle of Wight, United Kingdom · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1640 — Battle of Cádiz (1640)

The Battle of Cádiz (1640) was a naval battle in the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659), which took place on July 21, 1640, when a French squadron under Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé attacked a Spanish convoy coming from the Americas. The attack occurred just in front of the coast of Cádiz.Armand de Breze employed a hitherto unknown tactic to attack the Spanish convoy from both sides. The Spanish lost a galleon and a small vessel but the convoy completed its journey and delivered most of its cargoes including its silver bullion. French losses are unknown.

Bay of Cádiz, Spain · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1656 — Raid on Málaga (1656)

The Raid on Malaga was a military action by the English against the Spanish city of Málaga on July 21, 1656 as part of the Anglo–Spanish War (1654–1660). Five English ships, HMS Henry, HMS Ruby, HMS Antelope, HMS Greyhound and HMS Bryan, appeared at six in the morning in the Bay of Málaga, without that the Marquis of Mondéjar, governor of the city, raised the alarm. At 13:00 the English frigates approached the harbor and attacked a Genoese and a Sicilian galley. The Sicilian galley succeeded in escaping at the cost of 2 killed and the captain being wounded.

Málaga, Spain · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1718 — Treaty of Passarowitz

The Treaty of Passarowitz, or Treaty of Požarevac, was the peace treaty signed in Požarevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Пожаревац, German: Passarowitz, Turkish: Pasarofça), a town that was in the Ottoman Empire but is now in Serbia, on 21 July 1718 between the Ottoman Empire and its adversaries, the Habsburg monarchy and the Republic of Venice.

Serbia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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1762 — Battle of Burkersdorf (1762)

The Battle of Burkersdorf took place on 21 July 1762 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War). A Prussian army of 23,000 men fought an Austrian army of around 20,000 men. After the death of Elizabeth of Russia, czarina of Russia, her nephew Peter III came to the throne. Peter was a great admirer of Frederick the Great and all things Prussian, and Frederick used this to his advantage.

Poland · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1774 — Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca Turkish: Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması (also spelled Kuchuk Kainarjæ) was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kaynardzha, Bulgaria) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Following the recent Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Kozludzha, the document ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74 and marked a defeat of the Ottomans in their struggle against Russia. The Russians were represented by Field-Marshal Rumyantsev while the Ottoman side was represented by Musul Zade Mehmed Pasha.

Bulgaria · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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1780 — Battle of Bull's Ferry

The Battle of Bull's Ferry on 20 and 21 July 1780 saw two American brigades under Brigadier General Anthony Wayne attack a party of Loyalist Americans led by Thomas Ward. The Loyalists successfully defended a blockhouse against an ineffective bombardment by four American artillery pieces and a failed attempt to storm the position by Wayne's infantry. During the action, American light dragoons under Major Light Horse Harry Lee drove off a large number of cattle that were kept in the area for the use of the British army in New York City.

New Jersey, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1780 — Battle of Colson's Mill

The Battle of Colson's Mill was a battle of the American Revolutionary War that took place in North Carolina on July 21, 1780. A Patriot militia under William Lee Davidson scattered a gathering of Loyalists at Colson's Mill, near the junction of the Rocky and Pee Dee Rivers in present-day Stanly County, North Carolina.

North Carolina, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1789 — Battle of Parkumäki

The Battle of Parkumäki took place on July 21, 1789 during Gustav III's Russian War, Sweden won over the Russian Empire. During the time when the Russian general Ivan Ivanovich Michelson pulled his forces back, the Swedish commander Curt von Stedingk with about 1,300 men started his offensive against the remaining Russian general Schultz and his 1,000 soldiers whom stood by Parkumäki, and another 500 by Puiko. On July 21, Stedingk flanked and overwhelmed the both Russian positions and conquered their artillery. The Russians lost 200 men killed, 130 wounded and 500 captured during the fighting along with all their artillery, baggage and two standards lost to the Swedes, who suffered 186 men dead and wounded.

Rantasalmi, Finland · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1812 — Battle of Castalla (1812)

In the Battle of Castalla (21 July 1812) a small Spanish army commanded by Joseph O'Donnell advanced to attack an Imperial French division under the leadership of Jean Isidore Harispe. O'Donnell's battle plan was poorly conceived and the outnumbered French smashed his center column before his right and left wings could intervene. The engagement occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

Castalla, Spain · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1842 — Battle of Chinkiang

The Battle of Chinkiang was fought between British and Chinese forces in Chinkiang (Zhenjiang), Jiangsu province, China, on 21 July 1842 during the First Opium War. It was the last major battle of the war. The Chinese force consisted of a garrison of Manchu and Mongol Bannermen. In command of the British forces was Sir Hugh Gough. Leading one brigade was future British field marshal Sir Colin Campbell. The British capture of this stronghold allowed them to proceed to Nanking. Fought near the confluence of the Grand Canal and Yangtze River, the battle effectively blocked operation of the Caoyun system, a transport network vital for the movement of grain throughout the empire.

Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1861 — First Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as Battle of First Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, near the city of Manassas, not far from Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces.

Fairfax County, Virginia, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1906 — 1906 Surry Hills state by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Surry Hills on 21 July 1906 because of the resignation of John Norton (Independent). Norton blamed William Holman for an article in The Worker commenting on Norton's unnatural silence over the land scandals involving Paddy Crick and William Willis. Norton made a personal attack on Holman in parliament, challenging him to resign and both would contest Holman's seat of Cootamundra.

Australia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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1918 — Attack on Orleans

The attack on Orleans was a naval and air action during World War I on 21 July 1918 when a German submarine fired on a small convoy of barges led by a tugboat off Orleans, Massachusetts, on the eastern coast of the Cape Cod peninsula. Several shells fired during the engagement likely missed their intended maritime or aircraft targets and fell to earth in the area around Orleans, giving the impression of a deliberate attack on the town.

Massachusetts, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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1919 — Wingfoot Air Express crash

The Wingfoot Air Express was an early Goodyear blimp that caught fire and crashed into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago on July 21, 1919. The Type FD airship, manufactured and owned by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, was transporting passengers from Grant Park to the White City amusement park.

Chicago, United States · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-23

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1961 — Alaska Airlines Flight 779

Alaska Airlines Flight 779 was a contract cargo flight operated on July 21, 1961 by an Alaska Airlines Douglas DC-6A that crashed short of the runway at Shemya Air Force Base with the loss of all six crew members on board. The investigating board determined that the probable cause of the accident was a lack of approach and runway lighting and improper guidance by the air traffic controller.

Alaska, United States · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-23

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1962 — Timaru by-election, 1962

The Timaru by-election 1962 was a by-election held in the Timaru electorate in Canterbury during the term of the 33rd New Zealand Parliament, on 21 July 1962. The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Rev Clyde Carr of the Labour Party on 31 May 1962. Carr, who died on 18 September, had often been opposed to the party leaders.

New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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1977 — 1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Sri Lanka on 21 July 1977. The result was a landslide victory for the United National Party, which won 140 of the 168 seats in the National State Assembly.

Sri Lanka · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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1988 — 1988 Arab Cup final

The 1988 Arab Cup final was a football match that took place on 21 July 1988, at the Amman International Stadium in Amman, Jordan, to determine the winner of the 1988 Arab Cup. Iraq defeated Syria 4–3 on penalties after a draw 1–1 in regulation and extra time to win their fourth Arab Cup. This victory marked Iraq's dominance in Arab football during the 1980s, having previously won three Arab Cups.

Amman, Jordan · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23

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1995 — Operation Miracle (1995)

Operation Miracle (Arabic: كرامة, also Operation Proljeće II) was a successful attack by the foreign troops of the Bosnian Mujahideen against the village of Krčevine in the Zavidovići municipality on 21 July 1995.

Bosnia and Herzegovina · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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2001 — Akashi pedestrian bridge accident

The Akashi pedestrian bridge accident (明石歩道橋事故 Akashi hodōkyō jiko) was a human stampede that occurred on 21 July 2001 in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan. In the incident, a large crowd of people packed into a partially enclosed pedestrian overpass leading to Asagiri Station after a fireworks show. The resulting crush killed 11 people, including two adults and nine children, and injured 247 others.

Japan · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-23

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2002 — Vengeance (2002)

Vengeance (2002) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on July 21, 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. It was the second annual Vengeance produced by WWE. The main event from SmackDown! saw The Rock win the WWE Undisputed Championship in a Triple Threat match also involving Kurt Angle and the defending champion The Undertaker. The main event from Raw was between the champion Rob Van Dam and challenger Brock Lesnar for the WWE Intercontinental Championship which Van Dam retained his championship by disqualification.

Michigan, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23

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2006 — Eastern Theatre of Eelam War IV

The Eastern Theatre of Eelam War IV started in the Eastern province of Sri Lanka on July 21, 2006, when the LTTE cut off the water supply to rice fields in eastern Trincomalee district. The government claimed total control of the Eastern province after capturing Thoppigala (Baron's cap) on July 11, 2007, after nearly a year of fighting. Major battles took place at Sampoor, Vakarai, Kanchikudicharu, Kokkadichloai and Thoppigala.

Sri Lanka · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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2008 — Dream 5

DREAM.5 Light Weight Grandprix 2008 Final Round was a mixed martial arts event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group's mixed martial arts promotion DREAM. The event took place on Monday July 21, 2008 at the Osaka-jo Hall in Osaka, Japan and hosted the final round of the promotion's Lightweight tournament.

Osaka, Japan · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23

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2013 — Japanese House of Councillors election, 2013

The 23rd Elections to the House of Councillors (第23回参議院議員通常選挙 Dainijūsankai Sangiingiin Tsūjōsenkyo, "23rd regular/ordinary election of members of the House of Councillors") for the upper house of the National Diet, the legislature of Japan, was held on July 21, 2013. In the last election in 2010, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) remained the largest party, but the DPJ-led ruling coalition lost its majority. The House of Councillors is elected by halves to six year terms. In 2013, the class of Councillors elected in 2007 was up.

Japan · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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2013 — Citizens' Action Party presidential primary, 2013

PAC’s second presidential primary (known as Citizens' National Convention or Convención Nacional Ciudadana) was held on July 21, 2013 in order to elect the party’s presidential nominee for the 2014 Costa Rican general election. Unlike the previous election, this was an open primary and every citizen was able to vote as far as pledge written membership to the party before casting the vote. Three-time candidate and party’s founder Ottón Solís declined run for president for the fourth time opening the opportunity for new leaderships and the presidential nomination in one of Costa Rica’s major parties.

Costa Rica · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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2015 — Burundian presidential election, 2015

Presidential elections were held in Burundi on 21 July 2015. President Pierre Nkurunziza ran for a third term despite controversy over whether he was eligible to run again. The opposition boycotted the vote, and Nkurunziza won re-election.

Burundi · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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2018 — AAA vs. Elite

AAA vs. Elite (stylized as AAA vs. ELITE) was a major professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and Lucha Libre Elite. It took place on July 21, 2018, in the Gimnasio Olímpico Juan de la Barrera in Mexico City, Mexico.

Mexico City, Mexico · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23

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2018 — 2018 Nadeshiko League Cup final

2018 Nadeshiko League Cup final was the 11th final of the Nadeshiko League Cup competition. The final was played at Nishigaoka Soccer Stadium in Tokyo on July 21, 2018. Nippon TV Beleza won the championship.

Tokyo, Japan · Sport · Checked 2026-09-24

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2019 — 2019 Yuen Long attack

A mob attack occurred in Yuen Long, a town in the New Territories of Hong Kong, on the evening of 21 July 2019. It took place in the context of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests. A mob dressed in white stormed the MTR's Yuen Long station and attacked protesters returning from a demonstration in Sheung Wan on Hong Kong Island as well as bystanders.

Hong Kong · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23

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2019 — 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 21 July 2019. Originally scheduled to be held at the end of October, the elections were brought forward after newly inaugurated President Volodymyr Zelenskyy dissolved parliament on 21 May 2019, during his inauguration. The elections resulted in Zelenskyy's Servant of the People party winning an outright majority of seats with 254 seats (a first for any party during Ukraine's post-Soviet independence).

Ukraine · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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2019 — 2019 Japanese House of Councillors election

House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 21 July 2019 to elect 124 of the 245 members of the upper house of the National Diet for a term of six years. 74 members were elected by single non-transferable vote (SNTV)/First-past-the-post (FPTP) voting in 45 multi- and single-member prefectural electoral districts.

Japan · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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2024 — 2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final

The 2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Croke Park in Dublin on 21 July 2024 between Clare and Cork, the culmination of the 2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. It was the 137th final of that sport's primary competition, the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Clare won the game after extra-time by 3–29 to 1–34, to claim their fifth All-Ireland title.

Dublin, Ireland · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23

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2025 — 2025 Dhaka Chengdu J-7 crash

On 21 July 2025, a Chengdu J-7 aircraft operated by the Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) crashed shortly after takeoff into the Milestone School campus in the Uttara neighbourhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, while classes were in session. Investigations found that the cause of the crash was pilot error, resulting in a loss of control of the aircraft.

Bangladesh · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-23

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2025 — 2025 Pakistani Senate election in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Elections for 11 seats of the Senate of Pakistan were held on 21 July 2025. These seats, all of which were from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, were supposed to be up for election in 2024, but due to the incomplete membership of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, had to be postponed.

Pakistan · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23

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