March 31 historical events
1778 — 1778 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1778 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on March 31, 1778. The delegate to the Continental Congress from Delaware Caesar Rodney was elected president of Delaware for a term of three years. The previous president John McKinly was captured by the British Army in September 1777, less than a year into his three-year term.
Delaware, United States · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1800 — Action of 31 March 1800
The Action of 31 March 1800 was a naval engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars fought between a Royal Navy squadron and a French Navy ship of the line off Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. By March 1800 Valletta, the Maltese capital, had been under siege for eighteen months and food supplies were severely depleted, a problem exacerbated by the interception and defeat of a French replenishment convoy in mid-February.
Malta · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1814 — Battle of Courtrai (1814)
The Battle of Courtrai (31 March 1814) saw Johann von Thielmann's Kingdom of Saxony troops and a few Prussians encounter an Imperial French force under Nicolas Joseph Maison near Kortrijk (Courtrai), a city south-west of Ghent in what is now Belguim. Thielmann attacked only to find himself facing the bulk of Maison's I Corps. The action ended in a rout of the Saxons, most of whom were under fire for the first time.
Belgium · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1831 — Battle of Dębe Wielkie
The Battle of Dębe Wielkie was fought on 31 March 1831. The Polish army, led by Jan Skrzynecki, won over Russian curtain forces commanded by General Geismar.
Poland · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1865 — Battle of White Oak Road
The Battle of White Oak Road, also known as The Battle of Hatcher’s Run, Gravelly Run, Boydton Plank Road, White Oak Ridge was fought on March 31, 1865, during the American Civil War at the end of the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign and in the beginning stage of the Appomattox Campaign. Along with the Battle of Dinwiddie Court House which was fought simultaneously on March 31, the battle involved the last offensive action by General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia to stop the progress of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant's Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the Shenandoah and Army of the James).
Dinwiddie County, Virginia, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1865 — Battle of Dinwiddie Court House
The Battle of Dinwiddie Court House was fought on March 31, 1865, during the American Civil War at the end of the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign and in the beginning stage of the Appomattox Campaign. Along with the Battle of White Oak Road which was fought simultaneously on March 31, the battle involved the last offensive action by General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia attempting to stop the progress of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant's Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the Shenandoah and Army of the James).
Dinwiddie County, Virginia, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1883 — 1883 Scottish Cup final
The 1883 Scottish Cup final was the 10th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1882–83 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match - which ended in a 2–2 draw - was played at Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 31 March 1883 and was watched by a crowd of 15,000 spectators.
Scotland, United Kingdom · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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1883 — 1883 FA Cup final
The 1883 FA Cup final was an association football match between Blackburn Olympic and Old Etonians on 31 March 1883 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the 12th final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (commonly known as the FA Cup). Old Etonians were the holders of the Cup, having defeated Olympic's local rivals, Blackburn Rovers, in the 1882 final.
London, United Kingdom · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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1891 — 1891 Newton by-election
The 1891 Newton by-election was a by-election held on 31 March 1891 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Auckland city electorate of Newton.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1894 — 1894 FA Cup final
The 1894 FA Cup final was an association football match between Notts County and Bolton Wanderers at Goodison Park, Liverpool, on 31 March 1894. It was the final match of the 1893–94 edition of the FA Cup, English football's primary cup competition. Bolton Wanderers were appearing in their first final, whereas Notts County were playing in their second, having lost on their previous appearance in 1891.
Liverpool, United Kingdom · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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1899 — Capture of Malolos
The Capture of Malolos, alternately known as the Battle of Malolos, occurred on March 31, 1899, in Malolos, Bulacan, during the Philippine-American War. General Arthur MacArthur, Jr.'s division advanced to Malolos along the Manila–Dagupan Railway. By March 30, American forces were advancing on Malolos. Meanwhile, the Aguinaldo government had moved its seat from Malolos to San Isidro, Nueva Ecija.
Philippines · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-24
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1902 — Battle of Hart's River
The Battle of Hart's River, also known as the Battle of Boschbult, was fought near the end of the Second Boer War on March 31, 1902.
South Africa · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1920 — Basingstoke by-election, 1920
The Basingstoke by-election, 1920 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Basingstoke on 31 March 1920.
United Kingdom · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1920 — Camberwell North West by-election, 1920
The Camberwell North West by-election, 1920 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Camberwell North West in the South London district of Camberwell on 31 March 1920.
United Kingdom · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1931 — 1931 Transcontinental & Western Air Fokker F-10 crash
On March 31, 1931, a Fokker F-10 belonging to Transcontinental and Western Air crashed near Bazaar, Kansas, after taking off from Kansas City Municipal Airport in Kansas City, Missouri. The scheduled flight was from Kansas City to Los Angeles, with a stopover in Wichita. On this first leg, the wooden structure of one wing failed, causing the aircraft to crash, killing all eight people on board, including Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne. The investigation found that the wooden wing became moist over time, causing the glue connecting the wing to the fuselage to weaken, allowing the wing to separate.
Kansas, United States · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-23
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1931 — United States Senate special election in Vermont, 1931
The 1931 United States Senate special election in Vermont took place on March 31, 1931. Republican Warren Austin was elected to the United States Senate to serve the remainder of the deceased Frank L. Greene's term, defeating Democratic candidate Stephen M. Driscoll. Austin replaced Frank C. Partridge, who was appointed to fill the seat until a special election could be held and was defeated in the special primary.
Vermont, United States · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1931 — 1931 Nicaragua earthquake
The 1931 Nicaragua earthquake devastated Nicaragua's capital city of Managua on 31 March 1931. It had a moment magnitude of 6.1 and a maximum MSK intensity of VI (Strong). Between 1,000 and 2,450 people were killed. A major fire started and destroyed thousands of structures, burning into the next day. At least 45,000 were left homeless and losses of $35 million were recorded.
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1937 — Bombing of Durango
The Bombing of Durango took place on 31 March 1937, during the Spanish Civil War. On 31 March 1937 the Nationalists started their offensive against the Republican held province of Biscay. The same day the Legion Condor and the Aviazione Legionaria bombed the town of Durango. Around 250 civilians died, among them one priest and fourteen nuns. Durango was the first defenseless European city bombed.
Spain · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1944 — Camberwell North by-election, 1944
The Camberwell North by-election, 1944 was a by-election held on 31 March 1944 for the British House of Commons constituency of Camberwell North. The by-election was triggered by the elevation to the peerage of the town's Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Charles Ammon, who was ennobled as Baron Ammon. The Labour candidate was Cecil Manning, who was unopposed by the other parties in the wartime coalition. The only other candidate was an independent, T. F. Disher, who had also contested the previous general election in 1935.
United Kingdom · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1944 — Operation "Ukrainian Committee"
Operation "Ukrainian Committee" was a codename for an operation carried out by the Home Army on 31 March 1944. It targeted members of the so-called "Ukrainian Committee" who were collaborating with the Germans.
Warsaw, Poland · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1946 — Greek legislative election, 1946
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 31 March 1946. The result was a victory for the United Alignment of Nationalists, an alliance that included the People's Party, the National Liberal Party, the Reform Party, which won 206 of the 354 seats in Parliament. As a result Konstantinos Tsaldaris became Prime Minister leading a right-wing coalition. Nonetheless, he soon decided to resign in favor of Themistoklis Sophoulis, who led a government of national unity (conservative and centre-liberal forces) during the entire second phase of the civil war (1946–1949). One of the priorities of the new government was the proclamation of a plebiscite for the restoration of the Greek monarchy.
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1955 — 1955 London County Council election
An election to the County Council of London took place on 31 March 1955. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having three votes in the three-member seats. The Conservative Party made significant gains, but the Labour Party retained a substantial majority. The size of the council was cut by three members, with Fulham East, Fulham West and Hammersmith South abolished, and replaced in part by the new constituencies of Barons Court and Fulham.
United Kingdom · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1957 — Senegalese Territorial Assembly election, 1957
Territorial Assembly elections were held in Senegal on 31 March 1957. The result was a landslide victory for the Senegalese Popular Bloc (BPS), which won 47 of the 60 seats. Its main competitor, the MSA-affiliated Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS) had aliented the marabouts and enabled the BPS to win the rural vote (over which the marabouts held an important sway) by far.
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1957 — Guinean Territorial Assembly election, 1957
Territorial Assembly elections were held in Guinea on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally, which won 56 of the 60 seats in the Assembly. Voter turnout was 60.3%.
Guinea · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1958 — 1958 Canadian federal election
The 1958 Canadian federal election was held to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 24th Parliament of Canada on March 31, 1958, just nine months after the 23rd election. It transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's minority into the largest majority government in Canadian history and the second-largest percentage of the popular vote; only Unionist Prime Minister Robert Borden’s triumph in the 1917 federal election, at 56.93 per cent, was higher. Although the Tories would surpass their 1958-seat total in the 1984 election, the 1958 result (achieved in a smaller House) remains unmatched both in terms of percentage of seats (78.5%) and the size of the government majority over all opposition parties (a 151-seat majority).
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1963 — 1963 Pahang Tua by-election
The Pahang Tua by-election was a state assembly by-election that was held on 31 March 1963 in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. The Pahang Tua seat fell vacant following the death of its UMNO MLA Ahmad Othman on 2nd February 1963. He won the seat in 1959 Malayan general election. Mohammed Mokhtar of Alliance, retained the seat, defeating Abdul Hamid of PMIP and Tengku Jaafar of Socialist Front with an increased majority of 3,291 votes.
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1964 — Operation Popeye (Brazil)
Operation Popeye was the advance of the Tiradentes and Caicó detachments of the Brazilian Army and the Military Police of Minas Gerais (PMMG), from Minas Gerais, to Rio de Janeiro and Brasília during the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état. Their rearguard was protected within Minas Gerais by operations Cage and Silence. Ordered by general Olímpio Mourão Filho, from the 4th Military Region/Infantry Division, it was the coup's first military offensive. The Tiradentes Detachment, whose command was given to general Antônio Carlos Muricy, faced loyalist forces from the 1st Army in Rio de Janeiro's territory, under the command of general Luís Tavares da Cunha Melo, from 31 March 1964.
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1966 — United Kingdom general election, 1966
The 1966 United Kingdom general election on 31 March 1966 was easily won by sitting Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson. Wilson's decision to call an election turned on the fact that his government, elected a mere 17 months previously in 1964, had an unworkably small majority of only 4 MPs. The Labour government was returned with a much larger majority of 96.
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1966 — 1966 United Kingdom general election in Scotland
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday, 31 March 1966, and all 71 seats in Scotland were contested. The election took place only 17 months after the 1964 United Kingdom general election, with incumbent Prime Minister Harold Wilson deciding to call a snap election since his government had an unworkably small majority of only four MPs.
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1966 — 1966 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland
On 31 March 1966, the 1966 United Kingdom general election was held in Northern Ireland, to elect all 630 members of the House of Commons, including the 12 Northern Ireland seats. The Ulster Unionists lost one seat to Gerry Fitt, leader of the new Republican Labour Party. In the election as a whole, the Labour Party increased their majority and Harold Wilson continued as Prime Minister.
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1966 — 1966 United Kingdom general election in England
On Thursday 31 March 1966, the 1966 United Kingdom general election was held in England, to elect all 630 members of the House of Commons, with 511 constituencies being in England. The incumbent Labour Party led by Prime Minister Harold Wilson won 285 seats in England, its second-highest tally of seats at the time.
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1968 — Belgian general election, 1968
General elections were held in Belgium on 31 March 1968. The Christian Social Party remained the largest party. Voter turnout was 90.0%. Elections for the nine provincial councils were also held. The snap elections were called after the government, a coalition of the Cristian Social Party and the liberal Party for Freedom and Progress led by Christian democrat Paul Vanden Boeynants, fell due to the Leuven Crisis. The linguistic crisis would trigger the split of the dominant Christian Social Party into a Flemish and French-speaking party. The two other main parties would follow suit.
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1968 — Abagana ambush
The Abagana Ambush (31 March 1968) was an ambush during the Nigerian Civil War by Biafran troops led by Major Jonathan Uchendu that wiped out the Nigerian 2nd Division. Of the 6,000 Nigerian troops ambushed, only a very small number survived, including the 2nd Division's commander, General Murtala Muhammed.
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1973 — 1973 Brisbane City Council election
The 1973 Brisbane City Council election was held on 31 March 1973 to elect 21 aldermen to the City of Brisbane. The election was held as part of the statewide local government elections in Queensland, Australia. The Labor Party defeated the Brisbane Civic Party (BCP) in a landslide victory, winning 20 out of 21 wards.
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1977 — Birmingham Stechford by-election, 1977
The Birmingham Stechford by-election, in Birmingham, on 31 March 1977 was held after Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Roy Jenkins resigned his seat following his appointment as President of the European Commission. A seat that had been solidly Labour since its formation in 1950, it was won by Andrew MacKay of the Conservative Party, before being regained by Labour in 1979. The by-election was noted for the strong performance of the National Front candidate and the presence of two far left candidates.
United Kingdom · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1985 — 1984 Empress's Cup final
1984 Empress's Cup Final was the 6th final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on March 31, 1985. Shimizudaihachi SC won the championship.
Tokyo, Japan · Sport · Checked 2026-09-24
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1986 — Mexicana de Aviación Flight 940
Mexicana de Aviación Flight 940 was a scheduled international flight from Mexico City to Los Angeles with stopovers in Puerto Vallarta and Mazatlán. On March 31, 1986, the Boeing 727 Veracruz, registered as XA-MEM, crashed into El Carbón, a mountain in the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range northwest of Mexico City. All 159 passengers and 8 crew members on board died in the crash.
Mexico · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-24
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1988 — 1988 Copa del Rey final
The 1988 Copa del Rey final was the 86th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, on 31 March 1988, being won by Barcelona, who beat Real Sociedad 1–0.
Madrid, Spain · Sport · Checked 2026-09-24
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1990 — Poll tax riots
The poll tax riots were a series of riots in British towns and cities during protests against the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), introduced by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The largest protest occurred in central London on Saturday 31 March 1990, shortly before the tax was due to come into force in England and Wales.
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1991 — Plitvice Lakes incident
The Plitvice Lakes incident (Croatian: Krvavi Uskrs na Plitvicama or Plitvički krvavi Uskrs, both translating as "Plitvice Bloody Easter") was an armed clash at the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence. It was fought between Croatian police and armed forces from the Croatian Serb-established SAO Krajina at the Plitvice Lakes in Croatia, on 31 March 1991.
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1991 — 1990 Empress's Cup final
1990 Empress's Cup Final was the 12th final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at Nishigaoka Soccer Stadium in Tokyo on March 31, 1991. Nikko Securities Dream Ladies won the championship.
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1995 — TAROM Flight 371
TAROM Flight 371 was an Airbus A310 that crashed near Baloteşti in Romania on 31 March 1995. It was a flight from Bucharest's main Otopeni airport to Brussels. The flight crashed shortly after it took off. Two main reasons are indicated: first the throttle of the starboard engine jammed, remaining in takeoff thrust, while the other engine reduced slowly to idle, creating an asymmetrical thrust condition that ultimately caused the aircraft to roll over and crash.
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1996 — WrestleMania XII
WrestleMania XII was the twelfth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling event produced by the World Wrestling Federation. It took place on March 31, 1996, at the Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California. In the main event, Bret Hart lost the WWF World Heavyweight Championship to Shawn Michaels in a 60-minute Iron Man match. In his return to the company after a four-year hiatus, The Ultimate Warrior defeated Hunter Hearst Helmsley. Roddy Piper competed in his first match since 1994, after which he left for WCW.
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2002 — Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 31 March 2002. The Our Ukraine bloc emerged as the largest faction in the Verkhovna Rada, winning 111 of the 447 seats. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe noted at the time that there were physical assaults and harassment of candidates and campaign workers associated with opposition political parties prior to the March election. The Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc complained of campaign related violations including "an informal 'media blackout,' [and] negatively slanted coverage".
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2003 — 2003 Kansas City mayoral election
The 2003 Kansas City mayoral election was held February 25 and March 31, 2003 to elect the mayor of Kansas City, Missouri. It saw the reelection of incumbent mayor Kay Barnes.
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2004 — 2004 Fallujah ambush
The 2004 Fallujah ambush occurred on March 31, 2004, when Iraqi insurgents attacked a convoy containing four American contractors from the private military company Blackwater USA who were conducting delivery for food caterers ESS.
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2005 — Zimbabwean parliamentary election, 2005
A parliamentary election was held in Zimbabwe on 31 March 2005 to elect members to the Zimbabwe House of Assembly. All of the 120 elected seats in the 150-seat House of Assembly were up for election. (In addition, there were 20 members appointed by the President and ten elected by the traditional chiefs, who mostly support the government. Electoral colleges for the election of 10 chiefs to the parliament were to be held on 8 April.) The ruling Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front party (ZANU-PF) of President Robert Mugabe won the elections with an increased majority against the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC).
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2006 — Samoan general election, 2006
General elections were held in Samoa on 31 March 2006. The result was a landslide victory for the Human Rights Protection Party, who took 30 of the 49 seats, and gained another five seats when independent MPs joined the party.
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2013 — Guerra de Familias (2013)
La Guerra de Familias (2013) (Spanish for "War of the Families") was a professional wrestling major event, produced by the Mexico based International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion. The event took on March 31, 2013, at "Arena Naucalpan" in Naucalpan, State of Mexico, IWRG's main venue. The focal point of the event was a four team tag team tournament between four "families".
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2015 — Tuvaluan general election, 2015
General elections were held in Tuvalu on 31 March 2015. The state of emergency created by Cyclone Pam resulted in the election being delayed twice. The election was originally scheduled for 19 March, then after Cyclone Pam caused damage to the islands, the election was re-scheduled for 26 March.
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2017 — Brave 4: Unstoppable
Brave 4: Unstoppable (also known as Brave 4) was a mixed martial arts event held live by Brave Combat Federation on Friday March 31, 2017 at the IPIC Arena in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The event was broadcast live online and locally through Bahrain TV, ABS-CBN Sports and Action, Combate, Abu Dhabi Sports and OSN Sports.
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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2018 — 2018 Coupe de la Ligue final
The 2018 Coupe de la Ligue final decided the winner of the 2017–18 Coupe de la Ligue, the 24th season of France's football league cup competition, the Coupe de la Ligue, a competition for the 42 teams that the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP) manages. The final took place on 31 March 2018 at the Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux in Bordeaux and was contested by reigning champions Paris Saint-Germain and Monaco, a rematch of the previous final.
France · Sport · Checked 2026-09-24
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2019 — 2019 Ukrainian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 31 March 2019. As none of the 39 candidates on the ballot received an absolute majority of the initial vote, a runoff was held on 21 April between the top two vote-getters: Volodymyr Zelenskyy, a television personality, and Petro Poroshenko, the incumbent president. The Central Election Commission (CEC) announced that Zelenskyy won the second round with 73.22% of the total vote (or 74.96% of the valid vote).
Ukraine · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2020 — Operation Boma's Wrath
Operation Boma's Wrath was a military operation launched by Chad against Boko Haram. Operation was launched on March 31, 2020, one week after Boko Haram's attack on Chadian military base in which 92 Chadian soldiers were killed. Aim of the operation was to destroy hidden jihadist bases and repulse their forces out of Chad.
Chad · Niger · Nigeria · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2022 — Intimidation Games (2022)
Intimidation Games (2022) was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on March 31, 2022, at Gilley's Dallas in Dallas, Texas. The event was a television taping for MLW Fusion on YouTube, with the main card airing as a special episode on April 28, 2022.
Dallas, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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2023 — Bellator 293
Bellator 293: Golm vs. James was a mixed martial arts event produced by Bellator MMA that took place on March 31, 2023, at the Pechanga Resort and Casino in Temecula, California, United States.
California, United States · Sport · Checked 2026-09-24
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2023 — WWE Hall of Fame (2023)
The 2023 WWE Hall of Fame was a professional wrestling event produced by WWE that featured the induction of the 24th class into the WWE Hall of Fame. The ceremony took place on March 31, 2023, at Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles, California, the night preceding WrestleMania 39. It aired live at 10pm Eastern Time on Peacock in the United States and the WWE Network internationally, immediately after the airing of WWE's regular Friday night program, SmackDown.
California, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-24
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2024 — Tawori attack
On March 31, 2024, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin attacked Burkinabe forces in Tawori, Tapoa Province, Burkina Faso. Over seventy Burkinabe soldiers were killed and thirty-two civilians were killed during the attack and the subsequent massacre.
Burkina Faso · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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